Essay on Book Review of Detour for Emmy - 527 Words

Detour for Emmy- Insperational Marilyn Reynolds is the author of Detour for Emmy. She is an English teacher in Los Angeles County. Marilyn is the author of numerous essays that have been published in many national newspapers, library magazines, professional journals, and autobiographies. Her students help her to keep in touch with the reality of todays teens; she then puts these realities into her writing. Detour for Emmy was inspired by her own experiences and those of her students. (5) Detour for Emmy is a true story based on a young teen age girl, whose life is drastically changed after she becomes pregnant. Emmy is entering into high school with her trio Pauline and Tammy. For the first couple of weeks of school Emmy feels like†¦show more content†¦Even though boys were the last thing Emmy had on her mind she decided that she would. They fell for each other right from the start. After months of being inseparable Emmy finds out that she is pregnant. When she finally gets her nerves up to tell Art, he denies that it is his baby. When Emmy is three months pregnant on Thanksgiving, Art told her that they should maybe not be together anymore. Emmy has to drop out of high school and go to a teen mothers school, completely devastated her. She had an eight year plan and was in the Project Hope Program that would pay for her schooling and everything. Emmy has no one to help her--her mother is an alcoholic, the guy she thought loved her only cared about himself, a nd her friends became ashamed of her. The only one Emmy had now is her baby Rosie, but Rosie really just had her. She will not give up because of one obstacle in her path. Even though it will be hard to go on with her plans, Emmy is determined to succeed. (15) The major element of this book is the obstacles that teen age mothers have to deal with. In most teen pregnancies the couple very rarely stays together. They are just kids themselves and are scared; the guy thinks if he is not with her anymore, the problem will be gone. This leaves a young lady all alone to deal with their problem on her own. Another obstacle is the girl has to deal with is the gossip that goes around school. Everyone looks at a young pregnant girl and talks about herShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesPrinciples of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis

Steering Clear of Allergic Reactions (Food Allergies)

Steering Clear of Allergic Reactions (Food Allergies) Food allergy is a prevalent health condition wherein the body mistakenly identifies certain foods as harmful. According to the Food Allergy Research and Education or FARE, approximately 15 million Americans have food allergies and the numbers are continuously rising. Steering clear of foods that can trigger allergic reaction can be tough, thus it is important to educate yourself on what causes the allergy and how to avoid them. Following are several tips that can help avoid mild to life-threatening allergic reactions: Know the allergens There are numerous foods that can cause allergic reactions, however, 90% of all recorded food allergies are because of eggs, milk, fish, crustacean†¦show more content†¦It is best to consult a doctor or an allergist in planning, so you will be able to consider all likely allergic reactions and what should be done in an emergency situation. A good allergy action plan includes when to take the medication, when to increase medication, and when is it necessary to call a doctor. Wearing a medical bracelet or necklace is also important, especially if you’re going out. This will help responders to quickly identify your condition and history during an emergency. Cook your own food instead of dining out Eating out can be risky for a person with food allergies since most restaurants and food chains don’t usually provide detailed ingredients lists for the food they served. Food preparation is also done in an open kitchen, wherein cross contact and contamination usually happens. The best way to avoid an allergic reaction is to cook your own food instead of dining out. Try to enroll in cooking classes to learn a variety of dishes and to learn more about local and fresh ingredients. Bring your own meals There are certain times that bringing your own food is much safer than risking your life in eating food prepared by other people. There are some establishments or events that don’t offer allergy-safe food, thus it is best that you’re ready when such situation arises. Keep medications on hand Always have allergy medications on hand at all times, like antihistamine or epinephrine injector. These medicationsShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesyou carried all your food, water, sleeping bags, and tents. Last night you discovered that somebody had accidentally cracked the large water container. Now you are stuck with no water. Although there is a stream nearby, you wouldn’t normally drink from a stream, and you remember that your packets of water-sterilization tablets are in 3 the pocket of your other coat—the one you left at home at the last minute. The three of you are thirsty and have only dehydrated food left, except for four

Describe and Evaluate Social Explanations of Aggression Free Essays

Describe and evaluate social explanations of aggression. Aggression can be defined in many different ways. Bandura suggests that it is the intent to cause harm to another human being who is motivated to avoid such treatment. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe and Evaluate Social Explanations of Aggression or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the main social psychological explanations of aggression comes from Bandura and Walters in 1963. He suggests that aggression is learned either indirectly; through observational learning and only replicated if vicarious reinforcement occurs, or directly- where aggressive behaviour is directly reinforced. While both are a form of operant conditioning, the direct approach parallels the ideas much closer. Bandura outlined the following three steps in the modelling process of SLT: Observation- by watching the behaviour of role models and then imitating that behaviour, mental representation- the child will only display the learned behaviour as long as the expectation of reward is greater than the expectation of punishment, and production of behaviour- if the child is rewarded (maintenance through direct experience) or by building the confidence from expectancies of like likely outcomes of their aggressive behaviour (self-efficacy). In support of this theory, Bandura et al. proved that if children watch someone else behave aggressively towards a Bobo Doll, they were more likely to be aggressive themselves later on, specifically imitating individual actions they had previously seen. When the model was rewarded, the child was more likely to reproduce through vicarious reinforcement compared to those models punished, thus showing that observational learning only results in imitation when it is vicariously reinforced. This study however, does not take into account of the nature vs. urture debate. Although it seems that Bandura’s research proves that behaviour is learnt (nurture), it must however be noted that there were many gender differences where the boys produced more physical aggression than girls, which consequently support the argument that such behaviour is innate (nature). In addition, research findings are not only culturally bound but may be due to demand characteristics. It was noted by Noble (197 5), after the study occurred, that many of the parents told the children what to expect, consequently causing little face validity. Furthermore, although this study tells us that children do acquire aggressive responses as a result of watching others, it does not tell us much about why a child would be motivated to do so in the absence of the model, nor does it include the cognition or biology of these behaviours. This study also holds many ethical issues. It was carried out in the knowledge that children may reproduce the aggressive behaviours they were exposed to and therefore it is difficult to establish the scientific credibility. It is also difficult to further test the social learning theory experimentally due to the concern of needing to protect participants from psychological and psychical harm. Moreover, a weakness of the Social Learning Theory is that people are never consistently rewarded for aggression. Often, and if not in most cases they are punished, not rewarded. While media can sometimes portray certain acts as ethically ambiguous, it is rare to find these days aggressive behaviour rewarded in a mainstream way to suggest that the population are learning this behaviour through SLT. Deindividuation, another social psychological theory is defined as the loss of a sense of personal identity that can occur when, for example, in a crows or wearing a mask. It is associated with a reduced sense of personal responsibility and increased anti-social behaviour. The theory relies heavily on two components; anonymity and reduced self-awareness. Anonymity describes the presence of crowds (or groups) leading individual members to feel anonymous and act according to a different set of norms and values which are imposed or encouraged by them (Zimbardo 1969). The alternate explanation for deindividuation to cause aggression is reduced self-awareness. Proposed by Prentice-Dunn ; Rogers 1982, they suggest that crowds do not lead necessarily to anonymity or public awareness (while this may contribute) but instead lead to a lack of private awareness, often strengthened by the presence of drugs and alcohol. Normally, people are aware of their personal morals, however within a group it is argued that they may lose sight of such ‘private’ principles and instead follow the group. The majority of research evidence in deindividuation comes from the work of Zimbardo. He repeated the Milgram paradigm, where female participant were either wearing a nametag (individuated) or in a hood (deindividuated) and it was found that by wearing a hood, participants were much more likely to give shocks to the learner. Furthermore, Diener et al. observed the behaviour of over 1000 children on Halloween. The children were asked their name, and for those that didn’t give it, rates of stealing candy or money when alone rose ramatically. These studies support the idea of anonymity and how they are more likely to carry out antisocial behaviour when they cannot be identified. Cannavale et al. (1970) found that male and female groups responded differently under deinviduated conditions and therefore reflecting gender bias in Zimbardo’s research. This can further be linked to the biological approach as it fails to consider the biology of aggression, such as the hormones. The male sex hormone, testosterone, is thought to influence aggression from young adulthood onwards due to its action on brain areas involved in controlling aggression. This is supported by Dabbs et al. (1987) who measures salivary testosterone in violent and non-violent criminals. They found that those with higher levels of testosterone had a history of violent crime whereas those with the lowest levels had committed only non-violent crime. Dramatic support for the deadly influence of deindividuation comes from a study by anthropologist Robert Watson (1973). He collected data from tribes on the extent to which they killed, tortured or mutilated their victims. He found that societies where warriors changed their appearance (through the use of war paint and tribal costumes etc. ) were more destructive towards their victims compared to those who did not change their appearance. This study not only provides research support for the idea of anonymity, but also gives evidence that this theory takes account of cultural differences. However, most of the research focuses on the relationship between deindividuation and antisocial behaviour. But Spivey and Prentice-Dunn (1990) found that deindividuation could lead to either prosocial or antisocial behaviour depending on the situational factors. When prosocial environmental cues were present (such as a prosical model), deindividuated participants preformed significantly more altruistic acts (giving money) and significantly fewer antisocial acts (giving electric shocks)c compared to a control group. Furthermore, desirable effects of deindividuation can be found on cyberspace. Adolescents reported feeling significantly more comfortable seeiking help with mental health problems under deindividuated circumstances of Internet chat rooms as opposed to individuated circumstances of a personal appointment with a health professional (Francis eta al. 2006). This lends support to the deindividuation theory and displays the positive aspect of deindividuation. How to cite Describe and Evaluate Social Explanations of Aggression, Essay examples